Cancer

MBCT may help cancer patients reduce distress, depression, and anxiety while improving fatigue and overall quality of life, though more diverse populations need study.

Structured yoga breathing may help women undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy manage stress and sleep problems without medication or harm.

Exercise may help breast cancer survivors improve their fitness capacity and overall quality of life, though evidence does not yet show it reduces major inflammatory markers.

Digital delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia may offer the most accessible and effective format for improving sleep among cancer survivors, though the evidence quality remains modest.

A digital physical activity program did not broadly reduce anxiety, depression, or cognitive complaints in cancer survivors, though it may help reduce fear of recurrence in those with initially high fear who actively use it.

Ultra-processed food consumption may be linked to several cancer types, but evidence quality is currently too low to draw firm conclusions without further rigorous research.

An online mindfulness course may help cancer survivors report better cognitive function and reduced fatigue and depressive symptoms, though objective cognitive gains appear modest.

Moderate-intensity exercise before and after colorectal cancer surgery may be associated with lower post-operative fatigue, though the improvement is modest and further targeted studies are needed.

For family caregivers managing advanced cancer patients at home, listening to preferred music before bed may help maintain better sleep quality and possibly reduce next-day sleepiness.

For breast cancer survivors seeking to improve sleep, moderate exercise doses in the 500–1100 METs-min/week range may offer better outcomes than either very low or very high volumes, with mind-body approaches showing promise.

Traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapies may help reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue, sleep disturbance, and mood symptoms, with different approaches showing strength in different areas.

This evidence suggests that Neiyanggong practice during chemotherapy may be associated with reduced fatigue and better sleep, though larger multi-center studies would clarify whether these benefits persist after treatment ends.

A 6-week mindfulness program may be linked to improved optimism and mindfulness in breast cancer survivors, though the effect on broader social support remains unclear.

Tai Chi, yoga, and combined exercise may be linked to modest sleep improvements in breast cancer survivors, with moderate-dose protocols potentially offering the greatest benefit.