Nutrition

This feasibility study suggests KOKU-Nut is acceptable to older adults and the study design is sound, but a larger, longer-duration trial is needed to determine whether the app actually improves nutrition or physical function.

Switching to a self-selected vegan diet without compensatory protein planning may be linked to reduced muscle mass and protein synthesis in older adults, though the effect can be substantially reduced by adding resistance exercise.

A protein-enriched Mediterranean diet may be linked to better nutritional status and modest improvements in cognitive function in older adults at risk of undernutrition, even when exercise adherence is low.

Six months of low-carbohydrate eating may be linked to shifts in circulating fatty acids that are consistent with a potentially cardioprotective profile in adults with type 2 diabetes, despite higher saturated fat intake.

A nutrient-dense dietary pattern emphasizing whole foods and protein may support fetal subcortical brain development, though the clinical significance of these structural differences at birth remains to be established.

Higher consumption of sugary drinks, carbonated beverages, and energy drinks may be linked to increased depression and anxiety risk, while coffee consumption showed the opposite pattern in this analysis.

Algorithmic food-swap recommendations may help consumers make modestly healthier and lower-carbon grocery choices, though the specific wording of recommendations appears to influence which benefit (health or environmental) dominates.

Ultra-processed food consumption may be linked to several cancer types, but evidence quality is currently too low to draw firm conclusions without further rigorous research.

A microbiome-guided personalized diet may sustain IBS symptom relief longer than the low-FODMAP diet, though this remains preliminary and larger studies are needed.

A Mediterranean-style dietary approach may support modestly better diet quality than standard energy-restriction dieting, though both approaches yield similar modest weight loss over two years.

Different fiber sources may support metabolic health through distinct mechanisms, but the improvements appear modest, and longer, better-designed studies are needed to guide recommendations.

Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet may be associated with modestly lower risk of asthma, wheezing, and rhinitis, but the evidence remains observational and does not prove causation.

Higher anthocyanin intake may be associated with lower cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk in observational studies, and even modest amounts (≥50 mg/day) appear to improve blood vessel function in healthy people, though effects on blood pressure and glucose control were not demonstrated.

Animal proteins may be linked to more consistent improvements in body fat and muscle in midlife women, but the effect is strongest when paired with calorie restriction and exercise rather than from protein intake alone.

Well-designed changes to institutional meal provision and food education may help shift children's diets toward plant-based, lower-impact foods, with measurable environmental benefits and no reduction in nutritional value.